4C's of Diamonds & Gemstones
Buying a diamond or any gemstone involves understanding the unique characteristics of the stone. Because each gemstone is unique, diamonds and gemstones are graded by four characteristics: Cut, Color, Clarity, & Carats.
The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) is the trusted benchmark for diamond grading. GIA created the 4Cs grading system alongside a D-to-Z color scale that's the industry standard for grading colorless to light yellow diamonds.
Please click on the images below to learn more about each of these four characteristics.
Color
Color is graded on a D-to-Z scale, with D being colorless and Z being light yellow or brown. Colorless diamonds are rarer and more sought after. Other hues are graded on a different scale, and called Fancy Colored Diamonds.
Cut
A diamond's cut determines how it interacts with light, affecting its brightness, sparkle, and fire. While nature determined the color and clarity of a natural diamond, man is responsible for the cut quality which brings it to life. The planning, proportions, cutting precision, and details of the finish determine how brilliant, dispersive, and scintillating the diamond will be.
Clarity
Clarity refers to the absence of internal inclusions and surface blemishes. Clarity is graded on a scale from Flawless to Included. Since diamonds form under extreme heat and pressure, internal and external characteristics are common. These characteristics help gemologists separate natural diamonds from synthetics and simulants, and identify individual stones.
Carat
Carat weight determines a diamond's apparent size. Generally, a diamond with a greater carat weight is rarer and more valuable. Diamond prices rise exponentially in relation to carat weight. This means that a single 2-carat diamond will always be worth more than two 1-carat diamonds of the same quality.